Equine Strangles
The most famous and lethal outbreak was the so-called Spanish flu pandemic (type A influenza, H1N1 subtype), which lasted from 1918 to 1919. Older estimates say it killed 4050 million people while current estimates say 50 million to 100 million people worldwide were killed. This pandemic has been described as "the greatest medical holocaust in history" and may have killed as many people as the Black Death. This huge death toll was caused by an extremely high infection rate of up to 50% and the extreme severity of the symptoms, suspected to be caused by cytokine storms. Indeed, symptoms in 1918 were so unusual that initially influenza was misdiagnosed as dengue, cholera, or typhoid. One observer wrote, "One of the most striking of the complications was hemorrhage from mucous membranes, especially from the nose, stomach, and intestine. Bleeding from the ears and petechial hemorrhages in the skin also occurred." The majority of deaths were from bacterial pneumonia, a secondary infection caused by influenza, but the virus also killed people directly, causing massive hemorrhages and edema in the lung.
Equine Strangles
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When Treatment for herpes against strangles and equine herpes virus.
Interested in Candida infection symptoms? Right place for it! At the th Annual Interscience Conference on. This infection can usually resolve itself in a healthy individual. Reflecting the value the new treatment brings to. ...
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INFO: Strangles: A Contagious Equine Disease
What is "strangles?" Strangles is a highly contagious disease of equids including horses, donkeys and ponies. It is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus equi, often abbreviated Strep. equi or S. equi. It is called...
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"Equine Clinic" Fall Edition
And as if a strangles scare wasnât enough, Meghanâs filly decided to pull up lame one more time. Sheâd chipped her hind left hoof up pretty badly and weâd been worried about it⌠but it was the hind right that ended up doing her in. ...
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Identification of a Streptococcus equi Strain Responsible for Four ...
The objective of this study was to use a new subtyping technique to determine the identity of five Streptococcus equi isolates from four outbreaks of strangles in Colorado during 2005â2006. All five of the isolates from the four ...
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Strangles: Control and Containment Strategies
The American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) has formulated practical recommendations and biosecurity measures for disease control. These specific protocols provide guidance for containment and cleanup. ...
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Considerations Against Compulsory Equine Influenza Vaccination For ...
As with the voluntary vaccination of horses against Tetanus and Strangles, both of which are potentially fatal, owners may prefer to vaccinate against EI as a matter of personal choice. ⢠This combination of poor immunity, ...
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Equine Strangles
Vaccinations against influenza are most commonly given to high-risk humans in industrialized countries and to farmed poultry. The most common human vaccine is the trivalent flu vaccine that contains purified and inactivated material from three viral strains. Typically this vaccine includes material from two influenza A virus subtypes and one influenza B virus strain. A vaccine formulated for one year may be ineffective in the following year, since the influenza virus changes rapidly over time and different strains become dominant. Antiviral drugs can be used to treat influenza, with neuraminidase inhibitors being particularly effective.
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