TRANSMISSION OF SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS BY LUNGWORM MIGRATION



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TRANSMISSION OF SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS BY LUNGWORM MIGRATION

The symptoms of human influenza were clearly described by Hippocrates roughly 2400 years ago. Since then, the virus has caused numerous pandemics. Historical data on influenza are difficult to interpret, because the symptoms can be similar to those of other diseases, such as diphtheria, pneumonic plague, typhoid fever, dengue, or typhus. The first convincing record of an influenza pandemic was of an outbreak in 1580, which began in Asia and spread to Europe via Africa. In Rome over 8,000 people were killed, and several Spanish cities were almost wiped out. Pandemics continued sporadically throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, with the pandemic of 1830–1833 being particularly widespread; it infected approximately a quarter of the people exposed.

TRANSMISSION OF SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS BY LUNGWORM MIGRATION

Shope (1, 2) reported that Metastrongylus spp. under specific conditions have the capacity to transmit swine influenza virus to pigs. Since the authors are not aware of published confirmation of Shope's observations by other ...

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Efficacy of intranasal administration of a truncated NS1 modified ...

In the US, despite available swine influenza virus (SIV) vaccines, multiple influenza subtypes as well as antigenic and genetic variants within subtypes continue to circulate in the swine population. One of the challenges to control and ...

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That Was The Summer That Was

The sporadic cases detected in recent years have not resulted in sustained human-to-human transmission or community outbreaks; however, human infections with swine influenza viruses or any other nonhuman or novel influenza virus should ...

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Facts About the Flu Shot

Flu shots may also be associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome, a disease in which the body damages it’s own nerve cells, resulting in muscle weakness, paralysis and sometimes permanent nerve damage. The swine flu shots in 1976 were the ...

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Swine Flu

The Swine Flu vaccine caused more deaths than did the Swine Flu itself, and there were 500 cases of vaccine associated Guillan Barre paralysis. Both the live polio vaccine and the Swine Flu vaccines have been discontinued in the US for ...

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Flu Pandemic Of 1918

During the 1990s, research suggested that the Spanish flu virus first mutated in American swine. Under this theory, it was contracted by US troops, who carried the virus around the globe during their World War I adventures. ...

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Safety facts about the GM horse flu virus vaccine now deployed in ...

Summerfield, Immunological properties of recombinant classical swine fever virus NS3 protein in vitro and in vivo, Vet Res 37 (1) (2006), pp. 155–168. [4] van Drunen Little and S. van den Hurk, Rationale and perspectives on the success ...

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Bird Flu Alert

There is a lot of talk about a particular virulent type of emerging flu called Avian Influenza. Other animals can become infected with flu viruses such as birds and pigs (remember the swine flu?) but zoonotic viruses (or species-jumping ...

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TRANSMISSION OF SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS BY LUNGWORM MIGRATION

Typically, influenza is transmitted from infected mammals through the air by coughs or sneezes, creating aerosols containing the virus, and from infected birds through their droppings. Influenza can also be transmitted by saliva, nasal secretions, feces and blood. Infections also occur through contact with these body fluids or with contaminated surfaces.

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